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    Here again I lack expertise in this region, but students with relevant interests may press to include a session on science and the nation in Spain and Portugal. I will expand the bibliography after consultation with students eager to lead this session. In the meantime, here are some possibilities.

    Presentation: Andres

    Assigned reading:

    Lino Camprubí and Thomas F. Glick, “Spain,” in Hugh Slotten, ed., Modern Science in National, Transnational, and Global Context, vol. 8 in The Cambridge History of Science (2019): 361–75. 

    Spanish option: Señor Don José Echegaray, "[Historia de las matemáticas puras en nuestra España], Discursos leídos ante la Real Academia de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales (Madrid, 1866). [suggested by a former student]

    Further reading:

    Ana Simões and Maria Paula Diogo, “Portugal,” in Hugh Slotten, ed., Modern Science in National, Transnational, and Global Context, vol. 8 in The Cambridge History of Science (2019): 390–401. 

    Ricardo Campos Marín and Rafael Huertas, “The Theory of Degeneration in Spain (1886-1920),” in The Reception of Darwinism in the Iberian World, Thomas F. Glick, Rosaura Ruiz, and Miguel Angel Puig-Samper, eds. (2001), 171–87. (Spanish edition)

    Santos Casado and Santiago Aragón, “Vignettes of Spanish Nature: Imagining a National Fauna at the Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid (1910-1936),” Historical Studies in the Natural Sciences 44 (2014): 197–233.

    Alberto Elena and Javier Ordóñez, “History of Science in Spain: A Preliminary Survey,” The British Journal for the History of Science 23 (1990): 187–96.

    Alberto Gil Novales, “Inquisición y Ciencia en el siglo XIX,” Arbor 124, no. 484 (1986): 147–170.

    Alvaro Girón, “The Moral Economy of Nature: Darwinism and the Struggle for Life in Spanish Anarchism (1882-1914),” in The Reception of Darwinism in the Iberian World, Thomas F. Glick, Rosaura Ruiz, and Miguel Angel Puig-Samper, eds. (2001), 189-203.

    Thomas Glick, Darwin en España (2010).

    Antonio Lafuente, and Tiago Saraiva, “The Urban Scale of Science and the Enlargement of Madrid (1851-1936),” Social Studies of Science 34 (2004): 531–69.

    Leoncio López-Ocón, “Ciencia e historia de la ciencia en el sexenio democrático. La formación de una tercera vía en la polémica de la ciencia española,” Dynamis 12 (1992): 87–104.

    Agustí Nieto-Galan, “A Republican Natural History in Spain around 1900: Odón Buen (1863–1945) and His Audiences.” Historical Studies in the Natural Sciences 42 (2012): 159–89.

    Mark Thurner and Jorge Cañizares-Esguerra, eds., The Invention of Humboldt: On the Geopolitics of Knowledge (2023).